The purpose of system architecture architecture activities is to define a comprehensive solution based on principles, concepts, and properties logically related to and consistent with each other. January 8 - February 16, 2024. 5 – Inheritance Issues 1. Their application leads to an increased degree of formality and to an improved degree of conceptual integrity of the design description. This chapter provides a coherent set of definitions for architecture, highlights key techniques for. 7. Creativity. – Software architecture serves as the blueprint for both the system and the project developing it, understanding the work assignments that must be. Software Architecture Questions and Answers – Architecture Qualities. Pros. A. Brooks also suggested that Conceptual Integrity can be attained by means of design principles, such as Propriety, and Orthogonality. It means the user can directly sit on the DBMS and uses it. The cost (in any unit appropriate for business, e. b. Site Map. AngularJS is a framework designed to extend the capabilities of HTML from simple static language to a more dynamic client-side data-intuitive language. Conceptual Integrity Definition: the integrity of the overall structure that is composed from a number of small architectural structures. 2 – Separation of Concern 1. Software architecture alludes to “the overall structure of the software and the ways in which that structure provides conceptual integrity for a system” [SHA95a]. We argue that an architecture should be assessed for conceptual integrity, and describe tool support for making such an assessment. txt) or read online for free. e no - tions of concepts as abstract a ordances and of conceptual integrity are discussed, and a series of small examples of conceptual models is given. 0 (1 review) When creating user stories, it is important to name the user story and identify the user, the action and the associated benefits. Enroll for Free. Software Architecture. Software Architecture In Practice 2nd Edition) • “La. e no - tions of concepts as abstract a ordances and of conceptual integrity are discussed, and a series of small examples of conceptual models is given. The. A good Software Architecture fits the initial project requirements and can be adapted to any new ones. Software Architecture in a DevOps World (SkillsCast recorded in February 2022) Thank you to our sponsors and partners. event sequences) • Guarding the conceptual integrity of the software ar-chitecture. On the other hand, it has been a. There are attributes of Software Architecture that one could call either good or not so good. Conceptual integrity: Conceptual integrity is the underlying theme or vision that unifies the design of the system at all levels. 5,290 ratings285 reviews. We end this chapter with a discussion of the attributes of beautiful architectures and cite a few examples. 3 Conceptual Integrity of Software Architecture. About; Publications; Blog; Resources; Twitter;. The C4 model is an architectural documentation standard for software systems that breaks a software system down into four levels: Context (level 1) : Context diagrams are high-level, conceptual descriptions of what your system does, what problem it solves, the people involved, and any external systems that interact with it. The conceptual integrity of software is a measure of how well it conforms to a single, simple set of design principles, according to The Mythical Man Month by Fred Brooks [citation needed]. Lean software development is a translation of lean manufacturing principles and practices to the software development domain. The process of creating a database schema is called data modeling. Brooks also suggested that Conceptual. Enforcing communication only between adjacent layers and within a layer is key to good, layered architecture. -A viewpoint defines the modeling and analysis techniques and conventions used to create a view that describes the concerns addressedSoftware Architecture courses Brooks law: Humor: Etc: In 1975, FredBrooks said: I will contend that Conceptual Integrity is the most important consideration in system design. Software architecture alludes to the overall diagramming structure of the software and the ways in which that structure provides conceptual integrity/correctness for a system. Introduction. When following the three-schema approach to database design, this step would follow the creation of a conceptual schema. Architecting is a skill that agile teams embody, which means that Architect should not be a role. While the role and responsibilities of a software architect can be seen as contradictory to the values of the Agile Manifesto, a good architect finds techniques that support an agile development team. So, let’s start. In the vast majority of online shopping data models, the following entities can be found:would eventually produce a generic metric to measure the understandability of an object oriented software architecture. The Conceptual Architecture Diagram is a lightweight and yet powerful tool for sketch-prototyping the system structure, and for rendering the structure of an existing system, to explore adaptations to it and as an aid to system understanding. "His book is very compatible with XP. 28. 2 below. Conceptual data models: They are also referred to as domain models and offer a big-picture view of what the system will contain, how it will be organized, and which business rules are involved. In this essay, Brooks deals with the role of conceptual integrity in building systems and the impact organizationally of getting to an appropriate level of conceptual integrity. The difficulty of maintaining conceptual integrity can be understood in relation to a tension involved in system development depicted in Figure 5. CCS Concepts • Software and its engineering Software organization and properties Software system structures Software architectures. The Software Requirement Definition (SRS) Format, as the name implies, is a detailed specification and description of software requirements that must be met for a software system to be successfully developed. These security services and. Initial Chapters’ titles have. Depending on the type of demand, these requirements can be functional or non-functional. The quality of the product contributes to improved user requirements & satisfaction, clearer software design, and ultimately greater end product. Software Architecture Design Non-Functional Requirements: Introduction (Functional Requirements):. Brooks also suggested that Conceptual Integrity can be. txt), PDF File (. 1. Ideally, a software project commences with requirements gathering and specification , reaches its major milestone with system implementation and delivery , and then continues, possibly indefinitely, into an operation and maintenance phase. Overview of AngularJS Architecture. Beginning with the roles and responsibilities of network security leaders followed by a logical architecture, mapping the range of security requirements offers a strong foundation on which to build. A set of components (eg: a. Software architecture refers to the fundamental structure underlying a system. Conceptual integrity is the quality of a system where all the concepts and their relationships with each other are applied in a consistent way throughout the system. 21 Examples of a Computer Program. Which of the following are the main aspects for the qualities of architecture? a) Conceptual Integrity. Software architecture - overall structure of the software components and the ways in which that structure provides conceptual integrity for a system Control hierarchy or program structure - represents the module organization and implies a control hierarchy, but does not represent the procedural aspects of the software (e. One-to-many (1:M) Many-to-many (M:N) Developing an entity-relationship diagram. Brooks also suggested that Conceptual Integrity can be attained by means of design principles, such astasks are all part of the job description for an architect. They are concerned with the main system components asThere are three different levels of software design. This publication also provides an abstract logical architecture that can be used to map solutions and gaps upon. Fill in the blank. Software architecture has a profound affect on most qualities in one way or another, and software quality attributes affect architecture. Conceptual integrity: a term introduced by Fred Brooks in The Mythical Man-Month toThe conceptual integrity is one of the quality attributes which could be closely related to software architectural design. 2. This report details the results of two workshops on software architecture evaluation, held at the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) on November 9-10, 1995 and May 9- 10, 1996, to determine the state of industrial practice in the evaluation of software architectures with respect to a set of desired quality attributes and to uncover. 1. 5. It is the underlying theme or vision that. One minD. Thus it allows us to explore the system from its earliest conception through evolution. g. When people in the software industry talk about “architecture”, they refer to a hazily defined notion of the most important aspects of the internal design of a software system. Introduction. Business process re-engineering Architecture Qualities Quality attributes specific to the architecture itself. For making the security architecture important, there are certain components that are involved in the design. Introduction. Platform architecture. In his book Mythical Man-Month Frederick Brooks 2 talks about the conceptual integrity of a software product. • The architecture is the structure of program modules where they interact with each other in a specialized way. You will also learn to avoid common pitfalls with inheritance, and ways to express software behavior in UML. Software architecture allows for organization of the program components. Conceptual Integrity is the most important consideration for software system design, as stated by Frederick Brooks. A software design pattern is a repeatable solution for a. , conceptual integrity, buildability), system constraints: Organizational factors (see above) are usually context, not concerns. The Software Engineering Institure maintains a collection of further definitions. In simple English, define design standards, coding convention, and have the consistency while designing all components. It is the underlying theme or vision that unifies all levels of the system's. Conceptual integrity: a term introduced by Fred Brooks in The Mythical Man-Month to denote the idea that the architecture of a software system represents an overall vision of what it should do and how it should do it. . even without an assembler or any other software at all. Computer security. In addition, I will show you why it is important for a developer to know a little bit about software architecture and a lot of software design. Data management is the process of managing tasks like extracting data, storing data, transferring data, processing data, and then securing data with low-cost consumption. "Eric Evans has written a fantastic book on how you can make the design of your software match your mental model of the problem domain you are addressing. Software Architecture - A set of high-level decisions that determine the structure of the software solution. To outline a conceptual database model for an online shopping system, the first thing to do is to identify the entities involved in the system and their attributes. when all the pieces come together, the whole is functional but the parts are also functional. Conceptual integrity: istilah yang diperkenalkan oleh Fred Brooks dalam The Mythical Man-Month untuk menunjukkan gagasan bahwa arsitektur sistem perangkat lunak mewakili visi keseluruhan tentang. While the role and responsibilities of a software architect can be seen as contradictory to the values of the Agile Manifesto, a good architect finds techniques that support an agile development team. Conceptual Design of So ware: A Research Agenda Daniel Jackson, MIT Abstract A research agenda in so ware design is outlined, focusing on the role of concepts . Conceptual integrity is the principle that anywhere you look in your system, you can tell that the. A clean and clearly-defined architectural core contributes greatly to conceptual integrity. A software system’s architecture is the set of principal design decisions made about the system. Study sets, textbooks, questions. (This is the Answer)) Software architecture allows for organization of the program components and the structure of data used within the components. It can be achieved by a single builder, or a pair. Fortunately, writing is the practice of crafting conceptual integrity. A Software-Architecture describes the decomposition of a system into units / components / subsystems, and their connections / interactions / relationships observing quality requirements / design guidelines / constraints The Notion of Architecture. The design decisions describe the rules and constraints, which should be obeyed. Conceptual Integrity: Defines the consistency and coherence of the overall design. Database model for MediaWiki 1. Fill in the blank. Unfortunately, we are truly terrible at creating conceptual integrity. docx from CSS 3141 at Iqra University, Karachi. ”. prevent the. We argue that an architecture should be assessed for conceptual integrity, and describe tool support for making such an assessment. requirements). The 2021. Frank/Meunier, Regine/Rohnert, Hans/Sommerlad, Peter: A System of Patterns: Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture 1, 1st edition, 1996, John Wiley & Sons. Practice these MCQs to test and enhance your skills on Software. Types of DBMS Architecture. Key ideas include early and constant customer involvement, self-organizing teams that embrace change, rapid delivery of value, short timeboxed. Software is not the only field where design is involved. Could be an actor, an actuator, a sensor. It can totally be used as an architecture design software. This paper evolves in this direction by analysis and clarification of open issues in architecture an d abstraction terms; second, by pointing out to a mathematical fo rmulation in algebraic terms. Because ease of use is the purpose, this ratio of function to conceptual complexity is the ultimate test of system design. Architecture Description Languages (ADLs) An ADL is a language that provides syntax and semantics for defining a software architecture. a. Business Qualities Time-to-market Cost Projected lifetime Target market Rollout schedule Use of legacy systems Architectural Qualities Conceptual integrity Correctness Completeness Buildability Completed by available team in a timely manner Architectural Means of. Conceptual Integrity has been claimed to be the essence of high-quality software system design. However, Brooks' principles have not been formalized, posing obstacles to. Software Architecture helps Stakeholders understand and reason about without getting lost into a sea of details. Conceptual models are usually created as part of the process of gathering initial project. ADLs must support the architecture components, their connections, interfaces, and configurations which are the building block of architecture description. A good estimation is very much essential for keeping a project under budget. g. [1] to refer to a kind of consistency in system architecture that allows the system to become a cohe-sive, sensible whole. Solution architectures help developers define the requirements and strategies needed to successfully implement a software solution. Brooks asserted that conceptual integrity only comes from "one mind, or a very small number of resonating minds". The architecture is the structure of program modules where they interact with each other in a specialized way. It gives the developer more code control and data-manipulative powers at the. Reasoning about the architecture and analyzing the architecture can provide the insights necessary to make decisions about anticipated changes. 3. Software Design Software design provides a design plan that describes the elements of a system, how they fit, and work together to fulfill the requirement of the system. The original idea of conceptual integrity for software systems development was introduced by Brooks in his book “The Mythical Man-Month” []. 4. ‖ Design can be represented as Structural Models Defines the components of a system (e. This Course Video Transcript. g. The conceptual integrity of software is a measure of how well it conforms to a single, simple set of design principles, according to The Mythical Man Month by Fred Brooks. The architecture focuses on the early design decisions that impact on all software engineering work and it is the ultimate success of the system. A good software architecture helps define performance, quality, scalability, maintainability, manageability, and usability. Software Architecture - It refers to the overall structure of the software and the ways in which that structure provides conceptual integrity for a system. Monument Valley game. Additional design principles will help you to create code that is flexible, reusable, and maintainable. Welcome to the Architectural Patterns and Styles MCQs Page. 2 Quality Attribute Scenario. Software Architecture is a part of that and so it is tricky to pin down exactly but common themes are becoming clearly established in the area. Conceptual Integrity: A term introduced by. analyzing and verifying the conceptual integrity, consistency, and completeness of a design. A good architecture is important, otherwise it becomes slower and more expensive to add new capabilities in the future. Database systems can be centralized, or client. In his famous book, The Mythical Man-Month, Frederick Brooks contends that conceptual integrity is the most significant consideration in system design. When you first power on the device, all software starts automatically. Keeping your critical systems'. The term “conceptual integrity” was popularized in Ref. Correctness Definition: accountability for satisfying all requirements of the system. We present an architecture and data model for AIS, with implementation details. In this architecture, the database is directly available to the user. There are various definitions of software. The software developed by analyzing its functionalty for analyzing data from Facebook and Twitter. Erder and P. Conceptual integrity is central to product quality. In The Mythical Man-Month [Brooks, 1974], Fred Brooks pointed out the importance of the conceptual integrity of a system. The evolution of the architecture should be known to evaluate and analyze the software elements. • Structure provides conceptual integrity for a system in a number of ways. All good architectures plan for both today and tomorrow. On the other hand, it has been a rather elusive attribute of software systems, challenging various. A "super cool" idea by someone may not bearchitecture documentation George Fairbanks Risk-driven architecture Mary Shaw David Garlan Architecture as high-level abstractions Jansen & Bosch Tyree & Akerman Architecture as design decisions Poort & van Vliet Risk and cost driven architecture History of digital (software) architecture 5 1975 Fred Brooks Conceptual integrity. or from a very small number of agreeing resonant minds b. The following table lists the common quality attributes a software architecture must have − Category Quality Attribute Description Design Qualities Conceptual Integrity Defines the consistency and coherence of the overall design. View Software Design and Architecture_lab_weeklybreakup. This tension exists betweenHow comparison of building architecture and software architecture reveals the differences, congruences, and commonalities between the two. Responsibility: Architecture Responsibility: Delivery. Many secure SDLC models are in use,. The design phase of the software. 5. 1. January 8 - February 16, 2024 Importance of software architecture 1. An external schema describe the part of the database which specific user is interested in. Underlying theme or vision that unifies the. The Conceptual Integrity of The Corporation is a synthesis of Drucker’s Theory of the Business (ToB). From an enterprise warehouse to domain-based architecture. 2. Conceptual integrity: a term introduced by Fred Brooks in The Mythical Man-Month to denote the idea that the architecture of a software system represents an overall vision. Perhaps you studied it at some point at college but your memory of it. ADLs must support the architecture components, their connections, interfaces, and configurations which are the building block of architecture description. Conceptual integrity: this term is coined to show an overall vision of what software should do and how to do it. "Knowing the concepts and integrity helps to make the architecture powerful in its own ways. Lean Software Development An Agile Toolkit Mary Poppendieck Tom Poppendieck Boston • San Francisco • New York • Toronto • Montreal London • Munich • Paris • MadridFred Brooks, author of software classic, The Mythical Man Month 3 (and architect of the IBM 360 operating system — one of the first successful large-scale software systems — was a big believer in conceptual integrity. pdf), Text File (. We considered who is a Software Architect, what types of Software Architects exist, and what the architect. Development of the business scenarios and subsequent high-level use-cases of the project concerned will bring to attention the people actors and system actors. 6. Fred Brooks argues forcefully and eloquently that conceptual integrity is the key to sound system design and that conceptual integrity can only be had by a small number of minds coming together to design the system's architecture. g. Conceptual Integrity Outside Software Systems This paper refers to Architecture of buildings in general, following Brooks’ metaphors used in his books to illustrateCarriere [32] reconstructed given software systems’ architecture using conceptual integrity as a guideline. Business quality goals (e. In its broadest sense, architecture refers to a coherent form or structure, typically in. --Fred Brooks, The Mythical Man-Month after 20 years This is a well-known and accepted cornerstone of software engineering. • Has “conceptual integrity”. Conceptual Software Design: Algebraic Axioms for Conceptual IntegrityWhat is Software Architecture? It’s all about software design Architecture is software design, but not all design is software architecture part of the design process [Gorton] Architecture focuses on ‘issues that will be difficult/impossible to change once the system is built’ E. Generally, Junos OS is preinstalled on your Juniper Networks device when you receive it from the factory. What concept is followed by Conceptual integrity? (a) Architecture should do different things in different ways (b) Architecture should do different things in similar ways (c) Architecture should do similar things in similar ways (d) None of the mentioned I got this question in an online quiz. 1. To place the field of Software Architecture into. SOFTWARE DESIGN & ARCHITECTURE (LAB) Design by Sumaira Ahmed Weekly. • Step 1: Identify Architecture Objectives. The C4 model is an architectural documentation standard for software systems that breaks a software system down into four levels: Context (level 1) : Context diagrams are high-level, conceptual descriptions of what your system does, what problem it solves, the people involved, and any external systems that interact with it. priorities. Software Architecture. Conceptual integrity: a term introduced by Fred Brooks in his 1975 book The Mythical Man-Month to denote the idea that the architecture of a software system represents an overall vision of what it should do and how it should do it. unless we are supported by practices. There is a considerable. Software Architecture What is Software Architecture o IEEE: Architecture is defined by the recommended practice as the fundamental organization of a system, embodied in its components, their relationships to each other and the environment, and the principles governing its design and evolution. PDF | Software architectures evaluation has an important role in the life cycle of software systems. Common terms for recurring solutions are architectural style, tactic, reference architecture and architectural pattern. Course 1 of 4 in the Software Design and Architecture Specialization. Software Architecture is a blueprint of a software system that helps stakeholders to understand how the system would be once it is implemented c. Conceptual Integrity is the most important consideration for software system design, as stated by Frederick Brooks. An architect is responsible for enabling the implementation of a software product by driving architectural decisions in a manner that protects the conceptual integrity of the software product. A software system’s architecture is the set of principal design decisions made about the system. After the purpose and specifications of software is determined, software developers will design or employ designers to develop a plan for a solution. Brooks also suggested that Conceptual Integrity can be. (True Answer)) Software architecture allows for organization of the program components and the structure of data used within the components. The user did. This includes the way components or modules are designed. Conceptual integrity is exemplified in an architecture that exhibits. Our approach to Conceptual Architecture in the Visual Architecting Process (VAP) has a long history, with roots in software architecture work we did at HP in the 1990's. General Design Concepts. The software architecture has meet three main aspects of architectural quality attributes conceptual integrity, correctness and completeness and buildability. This vision should be separated from its implementation. Conceptual dependence is coupling between software and underlying conceptual models. There he argued for the utmost importance of conceptual integrity for software system design. The process view − It describes the activities of the system, captures the concurrency and synchronization aspects of the design. Developers have long struggled to coin a succinct, concise definition of software architecture because the scope is large and ever-changing. Want to learn Software Architecture? Look no further – the recently released iSAQB Foundation Curriculum covers all your needs! A group of international software architecture experts has been working on optimizing and streamlining this systematic education path, resulting in the most systematic and practical curriculum ever. Conceptual modeling in the process is normally based on the relationship between application components. Conceptual Architecture expresses the key architectural elements and their relationships that give “shape” to the system. The iSAQB Foundation Level Curriculum aims to be the authoritative and leading source for all accredited software architecture education. Conceptual integrity defines the consistency and coherence of the overall design. In current prac-tice, software engineers and architects often break un-awarely the conceptual integrity of the architecture. Software Architecture Qualities ! Conceptual integrity, Buildability, Correctness and Completeness. architectural framework which defines how instances of those classes interact. The conceptual integrity is one of the quality. In its simplest form, architecture is the hierarchical structure of program components (modules), the manner in which these components interact and the structure of data that are. In its simplest form, architecture is the hierarchical structure of program components (modules), the manner in which these components interact and the structure of data that are. Solutions. Conceptual schemas focus on. Good software architecture also helps in reducing the overall cost of operating a software system. Software architecture alludes to “the overall structure of the software and the ways in which that structure provides conceptual integrity for a system” [SHA95a]. It is a set of architectural principles used to guide the development of the software system. txt) or read online for free. Conceptual Design of So ware: A Research Agenda Daniel Jackson, MIT Abstract A research agenda in so ware design is outlined, focusing on the role of concepts . 1. Conceptual integrity: a term introduced by Fred Brooks in his 1975 book The Mythical Man-Month to denote the idea that the architecture of a software system represents an overall vision of what it should do and how it should. Hany Ammar. Many data-architecture leaders have pivoted from a central enterprise data lake toward “domain-driven” designs that can be. We take conceptual integrity to be a judgment about the concepts embodied in a design. 1. - Phase A: Architecture Vision. We propose an architecture-based security conceptual framework having three components, namely a system representation model kind, a security representation model kind, and a security process model kind, to accomplish the security process for a system. Conceptual Integrity Rawld Gill ALTOVISO LLC Introduction Today I am more convinced than ever. What is trulyClearly, software architecture and building architecture have many things in common, at least in. Central to beauty is conceptual integrity—that is, a. When we think about software architecture design, especially in the object-oriented world, the three most talked about patterns are Clean Architecture, Hexagonal Architecture, and Onion Architecture. Yet, people must make interdependent and interrelated decisions if the goal is conceptual integrity. What phase is that? - Phase A: Architecture Vision. General Design Concepts. “I will contend that conceptual integrity is. [1] to refer to a kind of consistency in system architecture that allows the system to become a cohe-sive, sensible whole. 1. Here a nice quote from Martin Fowler's book "Patterns of enterprise application architecture":Architecture is a term that lots of people try to. In the study, we explain the multi-view software architecture design step by step starting with identifying the system context, requirements, constraints, and quality expectations. , threads, processes,These security requirements are related to the confidentiality, integrity, availability (CIA) triad, authentication, access control, maintainability, resilience, data security and data sharing, security. regular increases in abstraction level—or the conceptual size of software designers building blocks. Brooks also suggested that Conceptual Integrity can be attained by. The architecture should do similar things in similar ways. To place the field of Software Architecture into. Morality And The Software Architect. It provides an abstraction to manage the system complexity and establish a communication and coordination mechanism among components. Ralph Johnson famously defined software architecture as “the important stuff (whatever. Software architecture alludes to the overall structure of the software and the ways in which that structure provides conceptual integrity for a system. Conceptual Integrity is the most important consideration for software system design, as stated by Frederick Brooks. Stimulus : The condition (input) that triggers the system. The paper motivates the two software design phases, illustrating Conceptualization with examples, and characterizing Modularization by its more mature mathematical theory. 7 (2,221 ratings) |. in terms of performance, quality, schedule and cost. g. In current prac-tice, software engineers and architects often break un-awarely the conceptual integrity of the architecture. , time to market, cost and benefit), architecture qualities (e. An architecture having n-tier splits the entire system into related but independent n modules that can be independently customized, changed, altered, or replaced. We further. by ANSI/IEEE Standard IEEE Recommended Practice for Architectural Description of Software Intensive Systems. As a developer myself, I would like to simplify these concepts and explain the differences between software design and software architecture. 1 Software Conceptual Analysis . So we will see. The user did. • It does stimulate re-thinking ownership of Responsibility: Delivery. In software engineering, conceptual architecture is a high-level description of the intended structure of a software system. This was a statement of core values that became associated with a set of principles and practices. Conceptual Integrity: Software bloat - Wikipedia: Brooks law: Conway Law: Premature Optimization is the root of all evil: Wirth's law - Wikipedia: Greenspun rule: Unix Component Model: Project Management: Programming style: Real Insights into Architecture Come Only From Actual Programming: Program Understanding: Cargo cult. In particular, it is difficult to draw a sharp line between design and architecture -- architecture is one aspect of design that concentrates on some specific features. It is better to have a system omit certain anomalous features and improvements, but to reflect one set of design ideas, than to have one that contains many good but. Software architecture is all about trying to bring structure to areas that can’t be structured easily. Data integrity and all of the other benefits of using mature RDBMS should still be available. 0 (. A similar kind of conceptual integrity is required for the result of data integration to be cohesive and sensible. Central to beauty is conceptual integrity—that is, a. Systems architecture is the art and science of structured decision making that cultivates conceptual integrity. The design phase is where the requirements identified in the previous phase are used as the basis to develop the new system. Building Evolutionary Architectures by Neal Ford, Rebecca Parsons, Patrick Kua. • integrity of the result (invariants of data structures and protection from5. Conceptual Integrity is the most important consideration for software system design, as stated by Frederick Brooks. d. Precise objectives help. Logical Architecture: adds design precision, and, in particular, interface specifications. , in Web browsing A component has its behavior defined in terms of provided interfaces and required interfaces (potentially exposed via ports) UML Notation for Software Components * * How to Fit Subsystems Together: Some Well-Known Architecture Styles World Wide Web architecture style: REST (Representational State. Architecture is an Abstraction Focus on principal design decisions Structure – components and connections Behavior – responsibilities of each component, high level algorithms Interaction – rules governing how components communicate Quality attributes – strategy for achieving Implementation – language, platform, libraries, etc.